Medication
Emphysema can be treated with bronchodilators, oxygen and theophylline. In emergency situations, pure oxygen may be given. For less serious respiratory attacks, bronchodilators and theophylline can be used to widen air passages and relax smooth muscle tissue in the lungs.
Oxygen Therapy
Low-flow oxygen therapy may be prescribed for continual use, during exertion, or during sleep, and is typically administered through a nasal cannula. Oxygen therapy requires careful measurement by a doctor to determine the correct dosing (flow rate) because if too little is administered, the patient still experiences symptoms. However, if too much oxygen is administered, the patient can cause further, long-term damage to the lungs. (See Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity)
Antibiotics
Emphysema patients are prone to lung infections, which if left untreated, can be life threatening. When respiratory infections accompany the emphysema, antibiotics may be prescribed. It is critical that the patient follow the instructions carefully to avoid becoming resistant to the antibiotic treatment.
Fluid Replenishment
Since emphysema patients are susceptible to frequent lung infections, it is important that they keep the lung passages from becoming mucous. Drinking sufficient fluids and occasionally using a mist inhaler can help keep mucus from accumulating in the lungs, and therefore reduce susceptibility of bacterial infections.
Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Pulmonary rehabilitation may be suggested to improve exercise tolerance and quality of life. However, any exercise program should be performed only under doctor supervision. This is one of the newest treatments for emphysema that have proven to be effective in slowing the progression of the disease.
Other Treatment
Other treatment options may include lung reduction surgery and lung transplantation when emphysema is severe.Source: University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
